Hmmm....if you have Alsa in the selection box in System>Pref>Sound, then something must be wrong with Alsa. I have seen others with similar problems correct it by installing ALSA from source. But two things first. Try uninstalling and then reinstalling ALSA. Go to Synaptic Package Manager and select Alsa-base for reinstallation. Try that before trying to install from source. The is system is doing all it is supposed to with regard to your card, so, unless someone else chimes in and suggests something different, it appears that something is out of whack with ALSA. Also, study the following:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshooting
It does not appear to be hardware since they work in Win and Mac.
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